Believers Journal of Health Sciences (BJHS) presents peer-reviewed scholarly contributions in medicine, public health, nursing, pharmacy, biomedical sciences, and allied health disciplines. This issue includes original research articles, review articles, case reports, and other academic contributions addressing contemporary healthcare challenges, clinical practice, scientific innovation, and evidence-based research. BJHS is committed to maintaining high standards of academic quality, ethical publishing, and open access dissemination. All articles in this issue have undergone the journal’s editorial assessment and double-blind peer-review process before publication.